Which term is associated with individual assessments over time?

The term associated with individual assessments over time is test-retest reliability. Test-retest reliability refers to the consistency of measurements when the same test is administered to the same group of individuals at two different points in time. This concept is crucial in evaluating the stability of test scores, ensuring that if an assessment is reliable, the results should be similar regardless of when it is taken, as long as there has not been a significant change in what is being measured.

For example, if a student takes a math assessment today and repeats the same assessment in two weeks, high test-retest reliability would mean that the student's scores should be relatively similar if their mathematical ability has not changed during that period. This ensures that the instrument used for assessment is a stable measure of the underlying attribute it assesses.

Other terms reflect different concepts: inter-rater reliability pertains to the degree to which different raters give consistent estimates of the same phenomenon; construct validity assesses whether a test truly measures the concept it claims to measure; and internal consistency examines whether different items on the same test yield similar results. Each of these terms captures a different aspect of measurement and evaluation, but test-retest reliability specifically addresses consistency over time for individual assessments.